{"id":42031,"date":"2025-11-25T09:03:20","date_gmt":"2025-11-25T08:03:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/knowledge-base\/"},"modified":"2025-11-26T12:25:41","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T11:25:41","slug":"drop-of-knowledge-23","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/knowledge-base\/drop-of-knowledge-23","title":{"rendered":"Drop of knowledge #23"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"page-hero alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <div class=\"col-lg-7 offset-lg-1 page-hero__text\">\n\n        <nav aria-label=\"Okruszki\" role=\"navigation\">\n  <ul class=\"breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"lista okruszk\u00f3w\">\n\n    \n      <li class=\"breadcrumbs__item\">\n\n                  <a href=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/\" class=\"breadcrumbs__link\">Home page<\/a>\n        \n      <\/li>\n\n    \n  <\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n\n        <h1 class=\"heading heading--sb\">Drop of knowledge #23<\/h1>\n\n                  <p class=\"desc\">Welcome to the twenty-third edition of the Ecol Laboratory newsletter<\/p>\n        \n      <\/div>\n\n      <ul class=\"col-lg-7 offset-lg-1 links\" data-links><\/ul>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n      <svg class=\"page-hero__bg page-hero__bg--diagnostics\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xml:space=\"preserve\" width=\"122.057mm\" height=\"171.64mm\" version=\"1.1\" style=\"shape-rendering:geometricPrecision; text-rendering:geometricPrecision; image-rendering:optimizeQuality; fill-rule:evenodd; clip-rule:evenodd\"\r\nviewBox=\"0 0 13001.94 18283.7\"\r\n xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\">\r\n <defs>\r\n  <style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n    .str1 {stroke:#1D1D1B;stroke-width:11.27;stroke-miterlimit:22.9256}\r\n    .str0 {stroke:#1D1D1B;stroke-width:22.55;stroke-miterlimit:22.9256}\r\n    .str5 {stroke:#1D1D1B;stroke-width:21.3;stroke-miterlimit:22.9256}\r\n    .str2 {stroke:#1D1D1B;stroke-width:18.79;stroke-miterlimit:22.9256}\r\n    .str4 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-41.11,56.81 -90.65,107.66 -133.93,163.11z\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n<\/svg>\n\n    \n  <\/div>\n<\/header>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"shortcuts shortcuts-2 alignwide  \">\n  <div class=\"shortcuts__content container\">\n    <div class=\"row justify-content-center\">\n      <div class=\"offset-lg-2 offset-md-0 col-lg-10\">\n\n        \n        \n\t        <ul class=\"listing\">\n\n\t\t        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"listing__item\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#zapisz\" target=\"\" class=\"listing__link listing__link--link\" title=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading\">sign up<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">sign up for the \u2018Drop of knowledge\u2019 newsletter<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <path d=\"M4.16659 10.8333H14.0499L11.0249 14.4666C10.9549 14.5509 10.9021 14.6481 10.8697 14.7528C10.8372 14.8574 10.8257 14.9675 10.8357 15.0766C10.8561 15.2969 10.9631 15.5002 11.1333 15.6416C11.3034 15.7831 11.5228 15.8511 11.7432 15.8308C11.9635 15.8105 12.1668 15.7035 12.3083 15.5333L16.4749 10.5333C16.503 10.4935 16.528 10.4517 16.5499 10.4083C16.5499 10.3666 16.5916 10.3416 16.6083 10.3C16.646 10.2044 16.6658 10.1027 16.6666 9.99996C16.6658 9.89722 16.646 9.79551 16.6083 9.69996C16.6083 9.6583 16.5666 9.6333 16.5499 9.59163C16.528 9.54818 16.503 9.5064 16.4749 9.46663L12.3083 4.46663C12.2299 4.37256 12.1318 4.29691 12.0209 4.24506C11.91 4.19321 11.789 4.16643 11.6666 4.16663C11.4719 4.16625 11.2832 4.23406 11.1333 4.35829C11.0489 4.42825 10.9791 4.51417 10.928 4.61112C10.8769 4.70808 10.8454 4.81417 10.8353 4.92332C10.8252 5.03247 10.8368 5.14253 10.8693 5.2472C10.9019 5.35187 10.9547 5.44909 11.0249 5.53329L14.0499 9.16663H4.16659C3.94557 9.16663 3.73361 9.25443 3.57733 9.41071C3.42105 9.56699 3.33325 9.77895 3.33325 9.99996C3.33325 10.221 3.42105 10.4329 3.57733 10.5892C3.73361 10.7455 3.94557 10.8333 4.16659 10.8333Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"listing__item\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#kontakt\" target=\"\" class=\"listing__link listing__link--link\" title=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading\">contact<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">contact us<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <path d=\"M4.16659 10.8333H14.0499L11.0249 14.4666C10.9549 14.5509 10.9021 14.6481 10.8697 14.7528C10.8372 14.8574 10.8257 14.9675 10.8357 15.0766C10.8561 15.2969 10.9631 15.5002 11.1333 15.6416C11.3034 15.7831 11.5228 15.8511 11.7432 15.8308C11.9635 15.8105 12.1668 15.7035 12.3083 15.5333L16.4749 10.5333C16.503 10.4935 16.528 10.4517 16.5499 10.4083C16.5499 10.3666 16.5916 10.3416 16.6083 10.3C16.646 10.2044 16.6658 10.1027 16.6666 9.99996C16.6658 9.89722 16.646 9.79551 16.6083 9.69996C16.6083 9.6583 16.5666 9.6333 16.5499 9.59163C16.528 9.54818 16.503 9.5064 16.4749 9.46663L12.3083 4.46663C12.2299 4.37256 12.1318 4.29691 12.0209 4.24506C11.91 4.19321 11.789 4.16643 11.6666 4.16663C11.4719 4.16625 11.2832 4.23406 11.1333 4.35829C11.0489 4.42825 10.9791 4.51417 10.928 4.61112C10.8769 4.70808 10.8454 4.81417 10.8353 4.92332C10.8252 5.03247 10.8368 5.14253 10.8693 5.2472C10.9019 5.35187 10.9547 5.44909 11.0249 5.53329L14.0499 9.16663H4.16659C3.94557 9.16663 3.73361 9.25443 3.57733 9.41071C3.42105 9.56699 3.33325 9.77895 3.33325 9.99996C3.33325 10.221 3.42105 10.4329 3.57733 10.5892C3.73361 10.7455 3.94557 10.8333 4.16659 10.8333Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t        \n\t        <\/ul>\n\n        \n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h2 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">Ecol Laboratory \u2013 what happened in November?<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"post__list post__list--ordered\">\n<li class=\"post__list-item\"><a class=\"post__link\" href=\"#1\">1. Transformer history written in oil \u2192<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\"><a class=\"post__link\" href=\"#2\">2. Ecol becomes a\u00a0member of the Polish Chamber of Railways  \u2192<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\"><a class=\"post__link\" href=\"#3\">3. See Also \u2192<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\"><a class=\"post__link\" href=\"#4\">4. Upcoming conferences we are participating in  \u2192<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\"><a class=\"post__link\" href=\"#5\">5. Gas of the month  \u2192<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n        <div class=\"container\">\n            <div class=\"row\">\n                <div class=\"offset-lg-1 offset-md-0 col-lg-11\">\n                    \n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div id=\"1\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h3 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">1. Transformer history written in oil<\/h3>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">Every transformer has its own \u201clife story\u201d written in its oil. Cellulose decomposition products, such as furan compounds, act as time markers \u2014 they signal when paper insulation begins to lose its properties and is approaching a\u00a0critical point.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">By reading these changes, diagnosticians can literally \u2018look\u2019 inside the transformer and assess the condition of its most important component without having to dismantle the device. This is what makes furan analysis such a\u00a0valuable diagnostic tool.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:55px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"590\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/transformator-ecol.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-41979\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/transformator-ecol.jpg 590w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/transformator-ecol-300x132.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:55px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h3 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">Testing the content of furan compounds in transformer oil \u2013 assessment of the condition of paper insulation<\/h3>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">The content of furan compounds in transformer oil indicates the occurrence of cellulose decomposition processes.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"428\" height=\"163\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Obraz1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-41984\" style=\"width:454px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Obraz1.png 428w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Obraz1-300x114.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">The best researched and described in the literature is 2-furfural (2-FAL), whose concentration in oil allows the condition of paper insulation to be assessed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">The degree of cellulose polymerisation (DP) in new paper is 1000-1200. Over time and as ageing processes occur, the degree of polymerisation decreases. A DP value of approximately 200 is considered critical, indicating a\u00a0loss of mechanical strength and disintegration of the paper.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"355\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Obraz2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-41989\" style=\"width:342px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Obraz2.png 355w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Obraz2-300x237.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">The others are:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post__list post__list--nonordered\">\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">5-hydroxy-methyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) \u2013 indicative of oxidation processes<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">2-furfuryl alcohol (2-FOL) \u2013 indicating high moisture content<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">5-methyl-2-furfural \u2013 indicating local high-temperature overheating<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">2-acetylfuran (2-ACF)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">The degree of moisture in the transformer insulation system affects the testing of furan compounds in oil. Furan compounds are polar and soluble in water. Moisture, i.e. water contained in the insulation, causes their absorption and, as a\u00a0result, reduces their content in the tested oil. This phenomenon may lead to falsification of test results and an overestimation of the condition of the insulation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">The factors influencing the degradation process of cellulose fibres are:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post__list post__list--nonordered\">\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">Water \u2013 moisture in insulation causing cellulose hydrolysis<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">Temperature (a temperature increase of every 6-8\u00b0C doubles the rate of degradation)<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">Oxygen (air access)<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">Acidic oil oxidation products (acid number) acting as catalysts and accelerating the hydrolysis process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">The durability of cellulose insulation determines the service life of a\u00a0transformer, as shown in the graph below:<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:55px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"276\" height=\"222\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Obraz3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-41995\" style=\"width:331px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div id=\"zapisz\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n        <div class=\"container\">\n            <div class=\"row\">\n                <div class=\"offset-lg-1 offset-md-0 col-lg-11\">\n                    \n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"display: flex; justify-content: center;\">\n  <getresponse-form form-id=\"13e7c050-b3c5-4de4-a23e-05a7f6a1df1b\" e=\"0\"><\/getresponse-form>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n        <div class=\"container\">\n            <div class=\"row\">\n                <div class=\"offset-lg-1 offset-md-0 col-lg-11\">\n                    \n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div id=\"2\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h3 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">2. Ecol becomes a\u00a0member of the Polish Chamber of Railways<\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"590\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/polska-izba-kolei-uchwala2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42001\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/polska-izba-kolei-uchwala2.jpg 590w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/polska-izba-kolei-uchwala2-300x132.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:55px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">The company <b>Ecol Sp. z\u00a0o.o.<\/b> has been <b>officially admitted to the Polish Chamber of Railways<\/b>. The decision was made by the Chamber\u2019s Supervisory Board during its meeting on 2\u20133 October 2025.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">Membership opens up new development opportunities for Ecol in the rail transport sector \u2014 from participation in major industry events, through access to specialist analyses and reports, to support in establishing business contacts and participation in legislative consultations. It is also an opportunity to strengthen Ecol\u2019s brand presence in the railway environment, both in Poland and on foreign markets.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\"><b>The Polish Chamber of Railways<\/b> brings together over 460 entities related to the railway market and has been supporting the development of rail transport for 25 years by organising conferences, training courses, economic missions and publishing the industry bimonthly magazine Raport Kolejowy (Railway Report). The Chamber\u2019s partners include the PKP Group, the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Railway Institute.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n        <div class=\"container\">\n            <div class=\"row\">\n                <div class=\"offset-lg-1 offset-md-0 col-lg-11\">\n                    \n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div id=\"3\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h3 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">3. see also:<\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"see-also alignwide\">\n\t<div class=\"see-also__content container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row justify-content-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__text-content offset-lg-1 offset-md-0 col-lg-9\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__heading see-also__heading--image\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"see-also__image-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/smart-ecol-3m.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__details\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading\">new version of the Smart Ecol application<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/smart-ecol-app\/\" target=\"blank\">\u2192<u> Our intelligent maintenance tool \u2014 now in version 3.0, supported by AI.<\/u><\/a>\u2192<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"see-also alignwide\">\n\t<div class=\"see-also__content container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row justify-content-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__text-content offset-lg-1 offset-md-0 col-lg-9\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__heading see-also__heading--image\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"see-also__image-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/proserv-ecol-m.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__details\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading\">Proserv joins the Ecol Group <\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/knowledge-base\/proserv-joins-the-ecol-group\/\" target=\"blank\">\u2192<u> Proserv Sp. z&nbsp;o.o., a&nbsp;manufacturing and design company based in Gda\u0144sk, has joined the Ecol Group.<\/u><\/a>\u2192<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n        <div class=\"container\">\n            <div class=\"row\">\n                <div class=\"offset-lg-1 offset-md-0 col-lg-11\">\n                    \n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div id=\"4\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h3 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">4. Upcoming conferences we are participating in:<\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <ul class=\"post__list post__list--nonordered\">\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">\u27a1\ufe0f <b>9-11 December 2025<\/b>, Wind Turbine Blades, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany \u2013 The 16th edition of Wind Turbine Blades (9\u201311 December 2025, D\u00fcsseldorf) is a\u00a0meeting of wind industry experts dedicated to the production, operation and recycling of turbine blades.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:80px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n        <div class=\"container\">\n            <div class=\"row\">\n                <div class=\"offset-lg-1 offset-md-0 col-lg-11\">\n                    \n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div id=\"5\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">5. Gas of the month<\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"606\" height=\"306\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/gaz-listopad-2025.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42016\" style=\"width:303px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/gaz-listopad-2025.png 606w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/gaz-listopad-2025-300x151.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\"><b>Ethylene (Ethene, ethylene, C2H4)<\/b> \u2013\u00a0is a\u00a0representative of the homologous series of alkenes. In the ethene molecule, there is a\u00a0double unsaturated bond between two carbon atoms, which makes this compound very reactive. It easily undergoes addition reactions, e.g. with chlorine, bromine, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide or water. Ethene can also polymerise, i.e. combine into long polymer chains, forming a\u00a0transparent substance \u2013 polyethylene.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\"><b>In DGA (dissolved gas analysis)<\/b> diagnostics, ethylene is a\u00a0key indicator, primarily signalling thermal degradation of oil and paper insulation in a\u00a0transformer. It is formed as a\u00a0result of the decomposition of hydrocarbons in insulating oil when the transformer is exposed to elevated temperatures, typically in the range of 300\u2013700\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">The main reasons for the increase in ethylene concentration in oil are:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post__list post__list--nonordered\">\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">overheating of windings, core or other metal components,<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">problems with oil circulation or cooling system,<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">hot spots inside the transformer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">Monitoring the levels of ethylene and other gases (hydrogen, methane, ethane, carbon monoxide and dioxide, acetylene) allows for early detection of developing faults, enabling preventive measures to be taken and avoiding serious transformer failures.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n        <div class=\"container\">\n            <div class=\"row\">\n                <div class=\"offset-lg-1 offset-md-0 col-lg-11\">\n                    \n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"contact-persons alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n\n      <div class=\"offset-lg-2 offset-md-0 col-lg-8\">\n\n        \n          <h2 class=\"heading heading--line\">contact<\/h2>\n\n        \n        \n          <h3 class=\"heading heading--large\">Do you have any questions about Ecol&#8217;s laboratory services?<\/h3>\n\n        \n        \n          <p class=\"desc\">If you have any questions or requirements, please do not hesitate to contact us.\r\n\r\n<\/p>\n\n        \n      <\/div>\n\n      \n        <ul class=\"offset-lg-2 offset-md-0 col-lg-9 listing\">\n\n          \n            \n            <li class=\"listing__item\">\n\n\t            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__image-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Ljungquist-Michael-ECOL-www.png\" class=\"listing__image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__inner-details\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"listing__heading heading heading--b\">Michael Ljungquist<\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"listing__position\">Regional Sales Manager for Scandinavia<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"tel:+46722334075\" class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <path d=\"M13.1403 9.8875C13.1044 9.85906 10.5 7.98175 9.78512 8.1165C9.44387 8.17688 9.24875 8.40963 8.85719 8.87556C8.79419 8.95081 8.64281 9.13106 8.52513 9.25925C8.27767 9.17854 8.03629 9.08029 7.80281 8.96525C6.59773 8.37857 5.62406 7.4049 5.03737 6.19981C4.92225 5.96637 4.824 5.72498 4.74337 5.4775C4.872 5.35938 5.05225 5.208 5.12925 5.14325C5.593 4.75387 5.82619 4.55875 5.88656 4.21662C6.01038 3.50787 4.13437 0.8855 4.11469 0.861875C4.02957 0.740281 3.91849 0.639127 3.78948 0.565733C3.66047 0.492338 3.51676 0.448537 3.36875 0.4375C2.60837 0.4375 0.4375 3.25369 0.4375 3.72794C0.4375 3.7555 0.477313 6.55725 3.93225 10.0717C7.44319 13.5227 10.2445 13.5625 10.2721 13.5625C10.7467 13.5625 13.5625 11.3916 13.5625 10.6312C13.5516 10.4838 13.508 10.3405 13.435 10.2119C13.362 10.0833 13.2614 9.97248 13.1403 9.8875Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n+46 72 233 40 75<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                    \n                      <a href=\"\" class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n  <path d=\"M19 2c0-1.104-.896-2-2-2h-10c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2v20c0 1.104.896 2 2 2h10c1.104 0 2-.896 2-2v-20zm-8.5 0h3c.276 0 .5.224.5.5s-.224.5-.5.5h-3c-.276 0-.5-.224-.5-.5s.224-.5.5-.5zm1.5 20c-.553 0-1-.448-1-1s.447-1 1-1c.552 0 .999.448.999 1s-.447 1-.999 1zm5-3h-10v-14.024h10v14.024z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/a>\n\n                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:m.ljungquist@ecol.eu\" class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_447_7182)\">\n    <path d=\"M8.17001 8.57754C7.82171 8.80974 7.41713 8.93249 7 8.93249C6.5829 8.93249 6.17832 8.80974 5.83002 8.57754L0.0932148 4.75289C0.0613867 4.73167 0.0303789 4.70955 0 4.6868V10.9539C0 11.6724 0.583105 12.2427 1.28879 12.2427H12.7112C13.4297 12.2427 14 11.6596 14 10.9539V4.68677C13.9695 4.70957 13.9385 4.73175 13.9066 4.75299L8.17001 8.57754Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n    <path d=\"M0.548242 4.07039L6.28504 7.89507C6.50221 8.03985 6.75109 8.11223 6.99997 8.11223C7.24888 8.11223 7.49779 8.03982 7.71496 7.89507L13.4518 4.07039C13.7951 3.84166 14 3.45884 14 3.04568C14 2.33526 13.422 1.75732 12.7116 1.75732H1.28836C0.577965 1.75735 0 2.33529 0 3.04636C0 3.45884 0.204969 3.84166 0.548242 4.07039Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n  <\/g>\n  <defs>\n    <clipPath id=\"clip0_447_7182\">\n      <rect width=\"14\" height=\"14\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n    <\/clipPath>\n  <\/defs>\n<\/svg>\nm.ljungquist@ecol.eu<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n            <\/li>\n\n          \n            \n            <li class=\"listing__item\">\n\n\t            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__image-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/katarzyna-paryz-400x400-2.jpg\" class=\"listing__image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__inner-details\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"listing__heading heading heading--b\">Katarzyna Pary\u017c<\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"listing__position\">Head of sales office<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"tel:+48666047697\" class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <path d=\"M13.1403 9.8875C13.1044 9.85906 10.5 7.98175 9.78512 8.1165C9.44387 8.17688 9.24875 8.40963 8.85719 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