{"id":32101,"date":"2024-11-25T10:54:34","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T09:54:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/knowledge-base\/"},"modified":"2025-07-07T12:19:08","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T10:19:08","slug":"fleet-project-part-2-safe-oil-change-interval","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/knowledge-base\/fleet-project-part-2-safe-oil-change-interval","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Fleet Project&#8221;: part 2 &#8211; safe oil change interval"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"page-hero alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <div class=\"col-lg-7 offset-lg-1 page-hero__text\">\n\n        <nav aria-label=\"Okruszki\" role=\"navigation\">\n  <ul class=\"breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"lista okruszk\u00f3w\">\n\n    \n      <li class=\"breadcrumbs__item\">\n\n                  <a href=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/\" class=\"breadcrumbs__link\">Home page<\/a>\n        \n      <\/li>\n\n    \n  <\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n\n        <h1 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d=\"M228.99,160.71l-3.3-.22-2.09-.13h-2.06l-2.03,.11-1.99,.23-1.96,.35-1.93,.46-1.89,.56-1.86,.67-1.82,.77-1.77,.87-1.73,.97-1.68,1.06-1.63,1.15-1.58,1.24-1.52,1.32-1.46,1.41-1.4,1.48-1.33,1.56-1.26,1.63-1.19,1.69-1.12,1.76-1.04,1.82-.23,.45-.73,1.43-.88,1.94-.8,1.99-.71,2.05-.63,2.11-.54,2.17-.45,2.23-.36,2.29-.26,2.31-.15,2.28-.05,2.26,.05,2.23,.14,2.21,.24,2.19,.33,2.16,.42,2.14,.51,2.11,.59,2.08,.68,2.04,.77,2,.85,1.96,.93,1.92,1.01,1.87,1.08,1.82,.17,.26,.99,1.5,1.23,1.7,1.3,1.63,1.37,1.56,1.44,1.49,1.5,1.41,1.56,1.33,1.62,1.25,1.68,1.16,1.74,1.07,1.8,.98,1.86,.88,1.92,.78,1.99,.68,2.06,.57,2.08,.45,2.06,.32,2.05,.19,2.03,.07,2.02-.05,2-.17,1.98-.28,3.29-.49\"\/><path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M229.68,250.5l.83-.17,1.14-.23,1.94-.51,1.91-.63,1.88-.74,1.85-.85,1.81-.96,1.77-1.06,1.72-1.16,1.67-1.27,1.62-1.36,.14-.13,.63-.59,.79-.74,1.49-1.55,1.42-1.64,1.34-1.72,1.27-1.81,1.19-1.89,1.1-1.96,1.01-2.04,.92-2.11,.83-2.18,.73-2.25,.63-2.33,.53-2.4,.42-2.48,.3-2.5,.18-2.47,.06-2.45-.06-2.42-.17-2.4-.28-2.37-.39-2.33-.49-2.3-.59-2.26-.69-2.22-.79-2.18-.89-2.13-.98-2.07-1.07-2.01-1.16-1.94-1.24-1.88-1.32-1.8-1.39-1.72-1.46-1.64-1.53-1.55-1.59-1.46-1.44-1.18-.22-.18-.46-.34-1.26-.93-1.77-1.16-1.82-1.06-1.87-.95-1.92-.85-1.97-.74-2.01-.62-2.07-.51-2.12-.39-1.41-.17-.71-.09\"\/><path class=\"cls-1\" d=\"M185.86,120.74l2.49-.29\"\/><\/g><\/g><\/svg>\n\n    \n  <\/div>\n<\/header>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"see-also alignwide\">\n\t<div class=\"see-also__content container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row justify-content-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__text-content offset-lg-1 offset-md-0 col-lg-9\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__heading see-also__heading--image\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"see-also__image-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ecol-flota.png\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__details\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">This article is the second part of the findings of the research project \u2018Project Fleet\u2019, conducted by the Ecol Oil Analysis Laboratory. Links to previous articles can be found below:\r\n<br><br>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/knowledge-base\/project-fleet-testing-of-engine-oil-in-ecol-vehicles\/\" target=\"blank\"><u><b> FLEET PROJECT &#8211;&nbsp;ASSUMPTIONS<\/b><\/u><\/a><br>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/knowledge-base\/project-fleet-part-1-analysis-of-wear-elements\/\" target=\"blank\"><u>PART 1: ANALYSIS OF WEAR ELEMENTS<\/u><\/a>.\r\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:80px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h2 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">introduction<\/h2>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">In this article, we will try to answer the question of what is a\u00a0safe oil change interval. To give you an idea of the meaning of the article, we refer you to the first part, in which the topic of safe wear element content was considered. When analysing the results, the mileage since oil change, fuel type and oil type were taken into account.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">In order to determine a\u00a0safe oil change interval, it is necessary to determine the oil\u2019s ageing parameters. Oil ageing parameters are those that define the degree of degradation of an oil. These certainly include the alkali number, acid number and i-pH. In addition to these, flash point and kinematic viscosity are distinguished, which also change during the life of the oil. The mileage since oil change was taken as the operating time. Based on the mileage since oil change, changes in parameters were compared.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h2 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">analysis of alkaline reserve and i-ph results<\/h2>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">The alkali number expresses the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide equivalent to all alkali components in one gram of sample. Alkali components are understood to be certain additives that enhance the oil, so a\u00a0decrease in its number indicates a\u00a0loss of ability to neutralise acidic combustion products. The acid number, on the other hand, is the amount of all components of an acidic nature. It is assumed that the value of the acid number must not be higher than the value of the base number. It is assumed that once the base number exceeds the acid number, the alkaline reserve of the oil is exhausted. <\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">An additional parameter to help assess the risk of strong or weak acids is the i-pH. The i-pH value of the oil in service should not be lower than 4.5. A significant decrease in this value together with a\u00a0significant increase in the acid number indicates the presence of strong and weak acids. A high acid number and high i-pH may indicate the presence of weak acids, such as carboxylic acids or phenols, which are additives that are not harmful, but are intended to prevent oxidation. [1] The FTIR parameters oxidation, nitration and sulphation were also taken into account during the analysis. The additive content of the elements determined in the study was also analysed.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1490\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/012.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/012.png 1490w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/012-300x133.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/012-1024x455.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/012-768x341.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1490px) 100vw, 1490px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1: Dependence of acid number, base number and i-pH on mileage since replacement for petrol engines.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1509\" height=\"880\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/013.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/013.png 1509w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/013-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/013-1024x597.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/013-768x448.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1509px) 100vw, 1509px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 2: Dependence of acid number, base number and i-pH on mileage since replacement for diesel engines.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">Figures 1 and 2 show the variation of base number versus acid number and i-pH values as a\u00a0function of mileage, expressed in kilometres since oil change, for petrol and diesel engines. The X-axis shows the sample numbers from the various cars discussed, among others, in the first part of the article. On the Y-axis, the left-hand side shows the alkali, acid and i-pH values, while the right-hand side of the Y-axis shows the mileage of the respective car since oil change. The graphs should be read from the left, where the mileage expressed in kilometres increases from left to right.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">In Graph 1, it can be seen that the first time the acid number exceeds the alkaline number occurs after 10.7 thousand km, followed by the acid number after 12.8 thousand km, and then the values are repeatedly exceeded after 13 thousand km (with a\u00a0few exceptions). In Figure 2, the acid number exceeds the alkaline number value for the first time after 14,500 km, then repeatedly after 15,700 km, with the exception of three samples.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1509\" height=\"679\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/014.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/014.png 1509w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/014-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/014-1024x461.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/014-768x346.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1509px) 100vw, 1509px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 3: Dependence of acid number, base number and i-pH on mileage since replacement for diesel and petrol engines considering only samples with a labelled i-pH value.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">In Figure 3, it can be seen that for sample number P2403285, despite still having a\u00a0safe alkaline reserve, the i-pH value is 3.5. This indicates the presence of strong acids. Interestingly, this case concerns the only car in this compilation with a\u00a0gas installation. It can be suspected that this is related to higher engine operating temperatures than for the petrol engine, which translated into faster oil degradation. Further samples in which the alkaline reserve was depleted and the i-pH was above the acceptable value require a\u00a0deeper analysis and the presentation of the other key parameters.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"219\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/015-1024x219.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/015-1024x219.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/015-300x64.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/015-768x164.png 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/015-1536x328.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/015.png 1848w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 1.* Table showing acceptable values for alkaline reserve and i-pH.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"see-also alignwide\">\n\t<div class=\"see-also__content container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row justify-content-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__text-content offset-lg-1 offset-md-0 col-lg-9\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__heading\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__details\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">*- Acid N. (Acid number) \r\n<br>&#8211; Base N. (Base Number) \r\n<br>&#8211; Alk. (Alkaline Reserve) &#8211;&nbsp;represents the result of dividing the base number by the acid number. A value \u2265 1 is considered acceptable.\r\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">W tabeli 1 wyszczeg\u00f3lniono wszystkie parametry, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 korelowa\u0107 z\u00a0rezerw\u0105 alkaliczn\u0105 i\u00a0i-pH lub mog\u0105 przes\u0105dzi\u0107 o\u00a0dyskwalifikacji oleju. Kolory w\u00a0tabeli nie zawsze oznaczaj\u0105 warto\u015bci przekroczone; maj\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c za zadanie zwr\u00f3ci\u0107 uwag\u0119 czytelnika.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">W powy\u017cszej tabeli zestawiono pr\u00f3bki, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 widoczne na wykresie 3 i\u00a0spe\u0142niaj\u0105 dwa warunki: rezerwa alkaliczna oraz i-pH mieszcz\u0105 si\u0119 w\u00a0bezpiecznych zakresach. W tym przypadku nale\u017cy przyjrze\u0107 si\u0119 pozosta\u0142ym parametrom.<\/p>\n<p>Oznaczone warto\u015bci lepko\u015bci kinematycznej w\u00a0100\u00b0C mieszcz\u0105 si\u0119 w\u00a0klasach SAE przypisanych do danej pr\u00f3bki, z\u00a0wyj\u0105tkiem pr\u00f3bek z\u00a0auta A104. Spadek lepko\u015bci jest sytuacj\u0105 normaln\u0105 dla oleju pochodz\u0105cego z\u00a0eksploatacji. Ten przypadek jest szczeg\u00f3lny, poniewa\u017c warto\u015b\u0107 wyj\u015bciowa dla oleju \u015bwie\u017cego mie\u015bci si\u0119 w\u00a0dolnym zakresie klasy SAE 40, a\u00a0wi\u0119c warto\u015b\u0107 lepko\u015bci spadnie szybciej poni\u017cej dolnej granicy SAE wynosz\u0105cej 12,5 cSt. W takim przypadku nale\u017cy zweryfikowa\u0107 wymagania producenta auta, czy dopuszcza prac\u0119 oleju o\u00a0danej lepko\u015bci, poniewa\u017c niejednokrotnie producenci dopuszczaj\u0105 prac\u0119 silnika z\u00a0olejem w\u00a0klasach SAE 30 oraz SAE 40.<br>\nWarto zwr\u00f3ci\u0107 uwag\u0119, \u017ce temperatura zap\u0142onu (metoda tygla zamkni\u0119tego) jest ni\u017csza w\u00a0przypadku silnik\u00f3w benzynowych ni\u017c w\u00a0przypadku silnik\u00f3w diesla. Jest to jednak sytuacja typowa. Nietypow\u0105 sytuacj\u0105 jest pr\u00f3bka pochodz\u0105ca z\u00a0samochodu o\u00a0kodzie F112, z\u00a0silnikiem diesla. Temperatura zap\u0142onu wynosz\u0105ca 100\u00b0C nie wskazuje na wyeksploatowanie oleju, jednak najprawdopodobniej jest zwi\u0105zana z\u00a0usterk\u0105 auta, w\u00a0kt\u00f3rym przedostaje si\u0119 nadmierna ilo\u015b\u0107 paliwa do oleju.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">Pr\u00f3bka K109 na dole tabeli ma podniesion\u0105 zawarto\u015b\u0107 glinu, miedzi oraz krzemu. Nie wynika to jednak ze zwi\u0119kszonych proces\u00f3w zu\u017cycia element\u00f3w silnika, lecz z\u00a0nowego silnika oraz past monta\u017cowych, co nie dyskwalifikuje oleju. W pozosta\u0142ych pr\u00f3bkach nie zaobserwowano niepokoj\u0105cych warto\u015bci zu\u017cyciowych.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">Pr\u00f3bka o\u00a0kodzie F106, znajduj\u0105ca si\u0119 na szczycie tabeli, charakteryzuje si\u0119 najwy\u017cszym przebiegiem od ostatniej wymiany oleju. W por\u00f3wnaniu do innych pr\u00f3bek odnotowano w\u00a0niej podwy\u017cszone warto\u015bci oksydacji, nitracji i\u00a0sulfacji. Oznaczone warto\u015bci nadal mieszcz\u0105 si\u0119 w\u00a0dopuszczalnych granicach. Pozosta\u0142e parametry dla tej pr\u00f3bki r\u00f3wnie\u017c pozostaj\u0105 w\u00a0normie. Jest to jedyna pr\u00f3bka w\u00a0zestawieniu o\u00a0tak wysokim przebiegu z\u00a0jednocze\u015bnie akceptowalnymi parametrami. Dla innych pr\u00f3bek, kt\u00f3re maj\u0105 warto\u015bci parametr\u00f3w w\u00a0normie, przebieg nie przekracza 16 tys. km.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"152\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/016-1024x152.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/016-1024x152.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/016-300x44.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/016-768x114.png 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/016-1536x228.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/016.png 1855w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 2. Table showing depleted alkaline reserve and acceptable i-pH value.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">Table 2 is presented in the same way as Table 1. The above table includes cases where the alkaline reserve has been depleted, while the i-pH value is within the acceptable range.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">For all cases, the determined kinematic viscosity at 100\u00b0C is within the standard, with the exception of the sample from vehicle code F117. This may be due to the use of SAE 30 grade oil, the accumulation of soot (products of combustion), and the general degradation of the oil, which has led to an increase in viscosity. It should be noted that the i-pH value is 4.73, suggesting that it may soon fall below an acceptable threshold. In addition, oxidation in this sample is higher than in the others. The accelerated deterioration may be related to the driving dynamics of the driver, leading to higher temperatures to which the oil is subjected and faster degradation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">All oils in which the alkaline reserve has been depleted and the i-pH remains normal have mileage above 10,000 km. As Table 1 shows, there are also oils with mileage above 10,000 km that retain an acceptable alkaline reserve. The question arises: are oils with a\u00a0depleted alkaline reserve, but with a\u00a0safe i-pH level, suitable for further operation? According to article [1], it is safe. A high acid number and high pH indicate a\u00a0high amount of weak acids (carboxylic), while a\u00a0low i-pH suggests the presence of strong acids (nitric, sulphuric), which pose a\u00a0risk to the engine.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">Analysing Tables 1 and 2 and samples with mileage &gt;10,000 km since oil change, no direct correlation can be observed between mileage and alkaline reserve and i-pH. However, it is known that these parameters will deteriorate, albeit at different rates. For example, different i-pH and alkaline reserve values were observed for all KIA Ceed car samples, despite similar mileage since oil change in Table 2 and using the same oil.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">The explanation for these differences is not obvious. It is suspected that it may be related to the additive package of the oil in question, its output values, the driving style of the driver and the nature of the routes taken (city\/highway).<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"100\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/017-1024x100.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/017-1024x100.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/017-300x29.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/017-768x75.png 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/017-1536x149.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/017.png 1747w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 3. Table showing depleted alkaline reserve and reduced i-pH value.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p>Table 3 is presented in the same way as Table 1. The above table includes cases where the alkaline reserve has been depleted and the i-pH value is reduced.<br>\nIn these cases, it is clear that the oils should have already been replaced. A high acid number and low i-pH indicate a\u00a0high content of strong acids, which contribute to the formation of deposits in the system and have a\u00a0corrosive effect on engine components.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">Of note is sample P2412046. It has the lowest mileage since oil change, at 15,000 km. In the table, a\u00a0similar correlation to that in Table 1 can also be seen: oils from petrol engines have a\u00a0significantly lower closed crucible met. ignition temperature than oils from diesel engines.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h2 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">analysis of additive results<\/h2>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">Having discussed parameter changes in the first part of this article, it is now worth looking at additives. To this end, the elements present in fresh oils were collated and compared with the same oils after service. The tables below show the results of the additive element analysis. The first row of each table shows the results for fresh oil and the following rows contain the results of the in-service oil samples. Each table relates to a\u00a0different oil. The samples with the most data available have been selected for analysis and a\u00a0short commentary with observations has been added to each table.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"85\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/018-1024x85.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/018-1024x85.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/018-300x25.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/018-768x63.png 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/018-1536x127.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/018.png 1660w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 4.1 Castrol Edge Professional Longlife 0W-30.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"162\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/019-1024x162.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/019-1024x162.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/019-300x47.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/019-768x122.png 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/019-1536x243.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/019.png 1706w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 4.2 Castrol Magnatec Professional Longlife 5W-20.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">Sample P2309952 had an increased magnesium content and slightly reduced boron and molybdenum content compared to the reference.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"51\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/020-1024x51.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/020-1024x51.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/020-300x15.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/020-768x38.png 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/020-1536x76.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/020.png 1714w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 4.3 Castrol Motorcraft XR Synth A5 5W-30.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">Slightly elevated levels of magnesium and slightly reduced levels of boron and molybdenum were observed.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"44\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/021-1024x44.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/021-1024x44.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/021-300x13.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/021-768x33.png 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/021-1536x65.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/021.png 1836w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 4.4 GM Dexos 2 5W-30.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">A slight decrease in boron was noted. The high potassium content is due to the presence of coolant in the oil.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/22-1024x150.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32241\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/22-1024x150.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/22-300x44.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/22-768x112.png 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/22-1536x225.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/22.png 1777w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 4.5 KIA 0W-20.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">An increase in magnesium, barium, molybdenum and sulphur was observed in cars where the first oil change took place, i.e. where the total mileage does not exceed 15,000 km. This is most likely related to the use of sealing pastes, as discussed in the first part of the article. At the same time, a\u00a0decrease in boron content was observed in all samples.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"71\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/23-1024x71.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/23-1024x71.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/23-300x21.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/23-768x53.png 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/23-1536x106.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/23.png 1727w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 4.6 Motul 8100 X-MAX 0W-400.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">An increase in magnesium and silicon was observed in sample P2405989. This may be related to the engine overhaul carried out, as described in the first part of the article. Decreases in boron were also noted.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"45\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/024-1024x45.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32251\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/024-1024x45.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/024-300x13.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/024-768x34.png 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/024-1536x68.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/024.png 1762w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 4.7 Shell Helix Ultra ECT C2\/C3 0W-30.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">A decrease in boron content was observed.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"43\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/025-1024x43.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/025-1024x43.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/025-300x13.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/025-768x32.png 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/025-1536x65.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/025.png 1758w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 4.8 Total Quartz Ineo First 0W-30.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">A decrease in boron content was observed.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"55\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/026-1024x55.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/026-1024x55.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/026-300x16.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/026-768x41.png 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/026-1536x83.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/026.png 1857w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 4.9 Valvoline 5W-20.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">A decrease in boron and molybdenum content was observed.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">In most cases, decreases in boron and molybdenum were noted. It is worth considering by what percentage of the initial value of a\u00a0given oil the individual elements can decrease. Based on experience and industry knowledge, a\u00a0decrease in element content of up to 30% with respect to the value of the reference oil was considered acceptable.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">In the cases analysed, the boron content often fell below 30% of the fresh oil value. The reduction in boron or molybdenum content should be analysed in correlation with other parameters. It is also important to understand the role of boron in a\u00a0given oil (e.g. as an oxidation inhibitor). Differences in boron content may result from topping up the oil or using a\u00a0different product than declared by the vehicle user. In addition, a\u00a0particular additive may run out more quickly under certain operating conditions, while other additives remain active. Therefore, an oil cannot be disqualified solely on the basis of a\u00a0decrease in one or two elements.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">Not all elements in the tests will show a\u00a0decrease, which does not mean that the additive chemicals are not depleted. Additives can over-react, leaving elements visible in ICP tests. Elements that decrease may come from lubricity additives, dispersants or solids that are deposited on an oil filter, for example.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">Elemental testing as an additive is a\u00a0valuable complement to other data, but should not alone determine the suitability of the oil.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h2 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">summary<\/h2>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">To determine a\u00a0safe oil change interval, it is important to ensure that other factors do not adversely affect the condition of the oil. Key parameters such as kinematic viscosity and flash point must meet the requirements. Also, wear elements and those from contamination should be within safe ranges. The presence of fuel or coolant in the oil can indicate a\u00a0fault that affects these parameters. Moreover, even the correct operation of the vehicle and oil can have a\u00a0significant impact on them. Therefore, the samples used to determine the safe oil change interval must come from cars operated under normal conditions and without mechanical faults.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">An important conclusion is the difference in flash point of oils from petrol and diesel engine operation. For petrol engines, the ignition temperature is significantly lower than for diesel engines due to differences in fuel characteristics. For diesel engines, the ignition temperature determined by the closed crucible method is a\u00a0key indicator for assessing the suitability of the oil for continued operation and must not decrease too significantly.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">Elemental analysis indicated a\u00a0decrease in the content of additives such as boron and molybdenum. Nevertheless, their reduction should not be the only criterion for determining the suitability of the oil for further use. It is merely an additional element to be considered in the context of other parameters.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">A mileage at which the i-pH value does not fall below 4.5 is assumed to be a\u00a0safe oil change interval. Reduced alkaline reserve and additive content are accepted, provided the other parameters are within safe ranges.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">Analysis of the acid number and base number indicates that 10,700 km for petrol engines and 14,500 km for diesel engines can be considered a\u00a0safe oil change interval. It is at these values that the acid number exceeded the base number. However, it is worth noting that the oil sample with the highest mileage \u2013\u00a025,000 km \u2013\u00a0retained acceptable parameter values, albeit close to the end of their standard. The other samples with acceptable values had mileages below 16,000 km (Table 1).<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">A universal safe oil change interval cannot be clearly defined, as it is influenced by many factors, such as the car and engine model, the driving dynamics of the driver, the type of fuel and the oil used. However, based on the above analysis, an approximate range for a\u00a0safe oil change interval of 10,700 \u2013\u00a016,000 km can be indicated.<\/p>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">It is important to note that the range presented is based on a\u00a0limited number of samples, which narrows the analysis to a\u00a0small group of makes, vehicle models, engines and oil types. A larger number of samples could have allowed a\u00a0more precise estimation of this interval. Nevertheless, this analysis provides valuable information on oil change intervals and changes in oil parameters during operation.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">bibliography<\/h3>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">[1] Adam Malcolm, Measuring Risk Potential In Lubricants With Acidic Components<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h3 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">Key Points to Remember<\/h3>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\"><b>1. Key parameters of oil degradation:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul class=\"post__list post__list--nonordered\">\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">Base Number: Indicates the ability to neutralize combustion products; its decline signifies the depletion of alkaline additives.<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">Acid Number: Determines the content of acidic components; once the Base Number is exceeded, the oil\u2019s alkaline reserve is depleted.<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">i-pH: A minimum value of 4.5 indicates the absence of strong acids. Low i-pH (e.g., 3.5) suggests the presence of nitric or sulfuric acids, which are harmful to the engine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<br>\n<b>2. Parameter changes and mileage since oil change:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul class=\"post__list post__list--nonordered\">\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">In gasoline engines, the Acid Number exceeds the Base Number after approximately 10.7\u201313 thousand km.<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">In diesel engines, this occurs later, after 14.5\u201315.7 thousand km.<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">Higher operating temperatures, such as in vehicles with LPG installations, accelerate oil degradation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<br>\n<b>3. Factors affecting oil degradation:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul class=\"post__list post__list--nonordered\">\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">Driving style and operating conditions: Aggressive driving and heavy loads lead to faster deterioration of oil properties.<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">Additive composition: Initial parameters and oil quality impact the rate of degradation.<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">Type of oil and engine: Parameter values vary depending on SAE class and technical specifications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<br>\n<b>4. Results of element analysis in oils:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul class=\"post__list post__list--nonordered\">\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">A decrease in boron content was commonly observed in used oil samples.<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">Increased levels of magnesium, sulfur, and silicon were due to factors like the use of assembly pastes or engine repairs.<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">In the presence of coolant (potassium), the oil<br>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"contact-persons alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n\n      <div class=\"offset-lg-2 offset-md-0 col-lg-8\">\n\n        \n          <h2 class=\"heading heading--line\">contact<\/h2>\n\n        \n        \n          <h3 class=\"heading heading--large\">do you have questions about oil diagnostics?<\/h3>\n\n        \n  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team<\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"tel:+48324503111\" class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <path d=\"M13.1403 9.8875C13.1044 9.85906 10.5 7.98175 9.78512 8.1165C9.44387 8.17688 9.24875 8.40963 8.85719 8.87556C8.79419 8.95081 8.64281 9.13106 8.52513 9.25925C8.27767 9.17854 8.03629 9.08029 7.80281 8.96525C6.59773 8.37857 5.62406 7.4049 5.03737 6.19981C4.92225 5.96637 4.824 5.72498 4.74337 5.4775C4.872 5.35938 5.05225 5.208 5.12925 5.14325C5.593 4.75387 5.82619 4.55875 5.88656 4.21662C6.01038 3.50787 4.13437 0.8855 4.11469 0.861875C4.02957 0.740281 3.91849 0.639127 3.78948 0.565733C3.66047 0.492338 3.51676 0.448537 3.36875 0.4375C2.60837 0.4375 0.4375 3.25369 0.4375 3.72794C0.4375 3.7555 0.477313 6.55725 3.93225 10.0717C7.44319 13.5227 10.2445 13.5625 10.2721 13.5625C10.7467 13.5625 13.5625 11.3916 13.5625 10.6312C13.5516 10.4838 13.508 10.3405 13.435 10.2119C13.362 10.0833 13.2614 9.97248 13.1403 9.8875Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n32 450 31 11<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:laboratorium@ecol.eu\" class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_447_7182)\">\n    <path d=\"M8.17001 8.57754C7.82171 8.80974 7.41713 8.93249 7 8.93249C6.5829 8.93249 6.17832 8.80974 5.83002 8.57754L0.0932148 4.75289C0.0613867 4.73167 0.0303789 4.70955 0 4.6868V10.9539C0 11.6724 0.583105 12.2427 1.28879 12.2427H12.7112C13.4297 12.2427 14 11.6596 14 10.9539V4.68677C13.9695 4.70957 13.9385 4.73175 13.9066 4.75299L8.17001 8.57754Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n    <path d=\"M0.548242 4.07039L6.28504 7.89507C6.50221 8.03985 6.75109 8.11223 6.99997 8.11223C7.24888 8.11223 7.49779 8.03982 7.71496 7.89507L13.4518 4.07039C13.7951 3.84166 14 3.45884 14 3.04568C14 2.33526 13.422 1.75732 12.7116 1.75732H1.28836C0.577965 1.75735 0 2.33529 0 3.04636C0 3.45884 0.204969 3.84166 0.548242 4.07039Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n  <\/g>\n  <defs>\n    <clipPath id=\"clip0_447_7182\">\n      <rect width=\"14\" height=\"14\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n    <\/clipPath>\n  <\/defs>\n<\/svg>\nlaboratorium@ecol.eu<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n            <\/li>\n\n          \n            \n            <li class=\"listing__item\">\n\n\t            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__image-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/logo-contact-persons.png\" class=\"listing__image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__inner-details\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"listing__heading heading heading--b\">Diagnostic team<\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"tel:+48324503152\" class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <path d=\"M13.1403 9.8875C13.1044 9.85906 10.5 7.98175 9.78512 8.1165C9.44387 8.17688 9.24875 8.40963 8.85719 8.87556C8.79419 8.95081 8.64281 9.13106 8.52513 9.25925C8.27767 9.17854 8.03629 9.08029 7.80281 8.96525C6.59773 8.37857 5.62406 7.4049 5.03737 6.19981C4.92225 5.96637 4.824 5.72498 4.74337 5.4775C4.872 5.35938 5.05225 5.208 5.12925 5.14325C5.593 4.75387 5.82619 4.55875 5.88656 4.21662C6.01038 3.50787 4.13437 0.8855 4.11469 0.861875C4.02957 0.740281 3.91849 0.639127 3.78948 0.565733C3.66047 0.492338 3.51676 0.448537 3.36875 0.4375C2.60837 0.4375 0.4375 3.25369 0.4375 3.72794C0.4375 3.7555 0.477313 6.55725 3.93225 10.0717C7.44319 13.5227 10.2445 13.5625 10.2721 13.5625C10.7467 13.5625 13.5625 11.3916 13.5625 10.6312C13.5516 10.4838 13.508 10.3405 13.435 10.2119C13.362 10.0833 13.2614 9.97248 13.1403 9.8875Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n32 450 31 52<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:laboratorium@ecol.eu\" class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_447_7182)\">\n    <path d=\"M8.17001 8.57754C7.82171 8.80974 7.41713 8.93249 7 8.93249C6.5829 8.93249 6.17832 8.80974 5.83002 8.57754L0.0932148 4.75289C0.0613867 4.73167 0.0303789 4.70955 0 4.6868V10.9539C0 11.6724 0.583105 12.2427 1.28879 12.2427H12.7112C13.4297 12.2427 14 11.6596 14 10.9539V4.68677C13.9695 4.70957 13.9385 4.73175 13.9066 4.75299L8.17001 8.57754Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n    <path d=\"M0.548242 4.07039L6.28504 7.89507C6.50221 8.03985 6.75109 8.11223 6.99997 8.11223C7.24888 8.11223 7.49779 8.03982 7.71496 7.89507L13.4518 4.07039C13.7951 3.84166 14 3.45884 14 3.04568C14 2.33526 13.422 1.75732 12.7116 1.75732H1.28836C0.577965 1.75735 0 2.33529 0 3.04636C0 3.45884 0.204969 3.84166 0.548242 4.07039Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n  <\/g>\n  <defs>\n    <clipPath id=\"clip0_447_7182\">\n      <rect width=\"14\" height=\"14\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n    <\/clipPath>\n  <\/defs>\n<\/svg>\nlaboratorium@ecol.eu<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n            <\/li>\n\n          \n        <\/ul>\n\n      \n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"news alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row justify-content-center\">\n      <div class=\"offset-lg-2 col-lg-10\">\n\n        \n          <h2 class=\"heading heading--line\">check also<\/h2>\n\n        \n      <\/div>\n\n      \n        <ul class=\"col-lg-10 news-list\">\n\n          \n            \n            <li class=\"news-list__item\">\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/knowledge-base\/fleet-project-part-1-analysis-of-wear-elements\" class=\"news-list__inner news-list__inner--wide\">\n                <div class=\"news-list__image-wrapper\">\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/projekt-flota-wyk1.png\" class=\"news-list__image\" alt=\"projekt flota-wyk1\" loading=\"lazy\">\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"news-list__details\">\n                  <h3 class=\"heading heading--b\">&#8220;Fleet Project&#8221;: part 1 &#8211; analysis of wear elements<\/h3>\n                  <p class=\"desc\">The first part of the conclusions of the research project \u2018Project Fleet\u2019, carried&#8230;<\/p>\n                  <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <path d=\"M4.16659 10.8333H14.0499L11.0249 14.4666C10.9549 14.5509 10.9021 14.6481 10.8697 14.7528C10.8372 14.8574 10.8257 14.9675 10.8357 15.0766C10.8561 15.2969 10.9631 15.5002 11.1333 15.6416C11.3034 15.7831 11.5228 15.8511 11.7432 15.8308C11.9635 15.8105 12.1668 15.7035 12.3083 15.5333L16.4749 10.5333C16.503 10.4935 16.528 10.4517 16.5499 10.4083C16.5499 10.3666 16.5916 10.3416 16.6083 10.3C16.646 10.2044 16.6658 10.1027 16.6666 9.99996C16.6658 9.89722 16.646 9.79551 16.6083 9.69996C16.6083 9.6583 16.5666 9.6333 16.5499 9.59163C16.528 9.54818 16.503 9.5064 16.4749 9.46663L12.3083 4.46663C12.2299 4.37256 12.1318 4.29691 12.0209 4.24506C11.91 4.19321 11.789 4.16643 11.6666 4.16663C11.4719 4.16625 11.2832 4.23406 11.1333 4.35829C11.0489 4.42825 10.9791 4.51417 10.928 4.61112C10.8769 4.70808 10.8454 4.81417 10.8353 4.92332C10.8252 5.03247 10.8368 5.14253 10.8693 5.2472C10.9019 5.35187 10.9547 5.44909 11.0249 5.53329L14.0499 9.16663H4.16659C3.94557 9.16663 3.73361 9.25443 3.57733 9.41071C3.42105 9.56699 3.33325 9.77895 3.33325 9.99996C3.33325 10.221 3.42105 10.4329 3.57733 10.5892C3.73361 10.7455 3.94557 10.8333 4.16659 10.8333Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n\n          \n            \n            <li class=\"news-list__item\">\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/knowledge-base\/fleet-project-part-2-safe-oil-change-interval\" class=\"news-list__inner \">\n                <div class=\"news-list__image-wrapper\">\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Obraz3-1.png\" class=\"news-list__image\" alt=\"Obraz3\" loading=\"lazy\">\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"news-list__details\">\n                  <h3 class=\"heading heading--b\">&#8220;Fleet Project&#8221;: part 2 &#8211; safe oil change interval<\/h3>\n                  <p class=\"desc\">What is a safe oil change interval? Let\u2019s answer the question.<\/p>\n                  <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <path d=\"M4.16659 10.8333H14.0499L11.0249 14.4666C10.9549 14.5509 10.9021 14.6481 10.8697 14.7528C10.8372 14.8574 10.8257 14.9675 10.8357 15.0766C10.8561 15.2969 10.9631 15.5002 11.1333 15.6416C11.3034 15.7831 11.5228 15.8511 11.7432 15.8308C11.9635 15.8105 12.1668 15.7035 12.3083 15.5333L16.4749 10.5333C16.503 10.4935 16.528 10.4517 16.5499 10.4083C16.5499 10.3666 16.5916 10.3416 16.6083 10.3C16.646 10.2044 16.6658 10.1027 16.6666 9.99996C16.6658 9.89722 16.646 9.79551 16.6083 9.69996C16.6083 9.6583 16.5666 9.6333 16.5499 9.59163C16.528 9.54818 16.503 9.5064 16.4749 9.46663L12.3083 4.46663C12.2299 4.37256 12.1318 4.29691 12.0209 4.24506C11.91 4.19321 11.789 4.16643 11.6666 4.16663C11.4719 4.16625 11.2832 4.23406 11.1333 4.35829C11.0489 4.42825 10.9791 4.51417 10.928 4.61112C10.8769 4.70808 10.8454 4.81417 10.8353 4.92332C10.8252 5.03247 10.8368 5.14253 10.8693 5.2472C10.9019 5.35187 10.9547 5.44909 11.0249 5.53329L14.0499 9.16663H4.16659C3.94557 9.16663 3.73361 9.25443 3.57733 9.41071C3.42105 9.56699 3.33325 9.77895 3.33325 9.99996C3.33325 10.221 3.42105 10.4329 3.57733 10.5892C3.73361 10.7455 3.94557 10.8333 4.16659 10.8333Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n\n          \n        <\/ul>\n\n      \n      \n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"What is a safe oil change interval? Let\u2019s answer the question.","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":32087,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diagnostic-services"],"acf":[],"image":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Obraz3-1.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32101"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32268,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32101\/revisions\/32268"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32087"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}