{"id":27892,"date":"2024-06-14T13:11:31","date_gmt":"2024-06-14T11:11:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/knowledge-base\/"},"modified":"2025-07-07T12:23:57","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T10:23:57","slug":"spectrometric-analysis-of-aircraft-engine-piston-oil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/knowledge-base\/spectrometric-analysis-of-aircraft-engine-piston-oil","title":{"rendered":"Spectrometric analysis of aircraft engine piston oil"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"page-hero alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <div class=\"col-lg-7 offset-lg-1 page-hero__text\">\n\n        <nav aria-label=\"Okruszki\" role=\"navigation\">\n  <ul class=\"breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"lista okruszk\u00f3w\">\n\n    \n      <li class=\"breadcrumbs__item\">\n\n                  <a href=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/\" class=\"breadcrumbs__link\">Home page<\/a>\n        \n      <\/li>\n\n    \n  <\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n\n        <h1 class=\"heading heading--sb\">Spectrometric analysis of aircraft engine piston oil <\/h1>\n\n                  <p class=\"desc\">&#8211; discussion of Guideline No. 3 of the President of the Civil Aviation Authority of 17 January 2023<\/p>\n        \n      <\/div>\n\n      <ul class=\"col-lg-7 offset-lg-1 links\" data-links><\/ul>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n      <svg class=\"page-hero__bg page-hero__bg--diagnostics\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xml:space=\"preserve\" width=\"122.057mm\" height=\"171.64mm\" version=\"1.1\" style=\"shape-rendering:geometricPrecision; text-rendering:geometricPrecision; image-rendering:optimizeQuality; fill-rule:evenodd; clip-rule:evenodd\"\r\nviewBox=\"0 0 13001.94 18283.7\"\r\n xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\">\r\n <defs>\r\n  <style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n    .str1 {stroke:#1D1D1B;stroke-width:11.27;stroke-miterlimit:22.9256}\r\n    .str0 {stroke:#1D1D1B;stroke-width:22.55;stroke-miterlimit:22.9256}\r\n    .str5 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<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">The main features required of aeronautical reciprocating engines include lightweight construction, adaptation to continuous operation in varying positions and altitudes, operational reliability or high propulsive efficiency. Due to these characteristics and operating conditions, these engines are subject to environmental corrosion and wear of moving (lubricated) engine components. These are naturally occurring processes that affect the continued serviceability of the engine, including its components. <\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h2 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">Aircraft reciprocating engine and its loads<\/h2>\n<p>Whether an engine is used regularly, operated intermittently or stored, the function of its components deteriorates anyway. The use of engines in more heavily loaded applications, such as aircraft designed for basic training, parachute jumping or glider retrieval, can result in faster and increased wear and tear on engine components.<br>\n<br>\nBoth the quality of the parts and accessories from which the engine is built, the proper servicing of the engine (inspections, overhauls) in accordance with the guidelines and recommendations contained in the manufacturer\u2019s technical documentation, as well as the use of appropriate tools, have a\u00a0direct impact on the life and state and condition of the engine.<br>\n<br>\nOne additional \u2018tool\u2019 for monitoring engine health, among other things, is to perform an oil analysis in an elemental content study using atomic emission spectroscopy.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"shortcuts shortcuts-2 alignwide  \">\n  <div class=\"shortcuts__content container\">\n    <div class=\"row justify-content-center\">\n      <div class=\"offset-lg-2 offset-md-0 col-lg-10\">\n\n                  <h2 class=\"heading heading--line\">shortcuts<\/h2>\n        \n        \n\t        <ul class=\"listing\">\n\n\t\t        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"listing__item\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#contact\" target=\"\" class=\"listing__link listing__link--link\" title=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading\">contact<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">contact on laboratory tests for aviation<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <path d=\"M4.16659 10.8333H14.0499L11.0249 14.4666C10.9549 14.5509 10.9021 14.6481 10.8697 14.7528C10.8372 14.8574 10.8257 14.9675 10.8357 15.0766C10.8561 15.2969 10.9631 15.5002 11.1333 15.6416C11.3034 15.7831 11.5228 15.8511 11.7432 15.8308C11.9635 15.8105 12.1668 15.7035 12.3083 15.5333L16.4749 10.5333C16.503 10.4935 16.528 10.4517 16.5499 10.4083C16.5499 10.3666 16.5916 10.3416 16.6083 10.3C16.646 10.2044 16.6658 10.1027 16.6666 9.99996C16.6658 9.89722 16.646 9.79551 16.6083 9.69996C16.6083 9.6583 16.5666 9.6333 16.5499 9.59163C16.528 9.54818 16.503 9.5064 16.4749 9.46663L12.3083 4.46663C12.2299 4.37256 12.1318 4.29691 12.0209 4.24506C11.91 4.19321 11.789 4.16643 11.6666 4.16663C11.4719 4.16625 11.2832 4.23406 11.1333 4.35829C11.0489 4.42825 10.9791 4.51417 10.928 4.61112C10.8769 4.70808 10.8454 4.81417 10.8353 4.92332C10.8252 5.03247 10.8368 5.14253 10.8693 5.2472C10.9019 5.35187 10.9547 5.44909 11.0249 5.53329L14.0499 9.16663H4.16659C3.94557 9.16663 3.73361 9.25443 3.57733 9.41071C3.42105 9.56699 3.33325 9.77895 3.33325 9.99996C3.33325 10.221 3.42105 10.4329 3.57733 10.5892C3.73361 10.7455 3.94557 10.8333 4.16659 10.8333Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t        \n\t        <\/ul>\n\n        \n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:55px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"424\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-ecol-badania-silnik-tlokowy-2a-1024x424.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25742\" style=\"width:908px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-ecol-badania-silnik-tlokowy-2a-1024x424.webp 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-ecol-badania-silnik-tlokowy-2a-300x124.webp 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-ecol-badania-silnik-tlokowy-2a-768x318.webp 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-ecol-badania-silnik-tlokowy-2a.webp 1499w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:55px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h2 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">interval between overhauls of aeronautical piston engines<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">\u2013 new guidelines No 3 of the President of the Civil Aviation Authority <\/h3>\n<p>On 17 January 2023, the President of the Civil Aviation Authority issued new guidelines for piston engine overhaul intervals. Compared to the previous guidelines, there is a\u00a0more detailed distinction for which aircraft the current guidelines apply and, among other things, the oil analysis interval has been changed (50 FH \/ 4 mths). Some of the contents of the document are quoted below.<br>\n<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">Failure to take into account the interval between overhauls of the piston engine<\/h4>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">For the disregard of the piston engine overhaul interval referred to in the technical manuals, in terms of continuing airworthiness, the guidelines apply, inter alia, for:<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">1. Aircraft subject to Part- ML regulations:<\/h5>\n<ul class=\"post__list post__list--nonordered\">\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">an aircraft with a\u00a0maximum take-off mass (MTOM) of no more than 2730 kg<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">a rotorcraft with a\u00a0maximum take-off mass (MTOM) of no more than 1200 kg, certified for a\u00a0maximum of 4 persons<\/li>\n<li class=\"post__list-item\">other aircraft ELA2 (manned European Light Aircraft)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">2. Convention category aircraft (K2)<\/h5>\n<h5 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">3. Special Category Aircraft (K3) <\/h5>\n<p>The document shows that an engine properly operated and maintained in accordance with the technical instructions for continuing airworthiness issued by the Type Certificate (TC) holder may be in a\u00a0serviceable condition for continued operation, despite having reached the recommended overhaul interval, in order to be released for a\u00a0further 100 hours or 12 months.<br>\n<br>\nBefore any changes are made to the maintenance programme and the maintenance manual to disregard piston engine overhaul intervals, an analysis of the engine\u2019s service history is carried out, among other things, to determine whether the piston engine in question can be operated beyond the recommended overhaul interval.<br>\n<br>\nWhen introducing a\u00a0deviation from the Type Certificate (TC) holder\u2019s recommendations for the piston engine overhaul interval, based on these guidelines, the following scheme should be followed.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"775\" height=\"727\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1.png 775w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1-300x281.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1-768x720.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">wytyczne nr 3 prezesa urz\u0119du lotnictwa cywilnego<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p><strong>One of the mandatory points of the verification inspection of a\u00a0piston engine, according to the guidelines of the president of the civil aviation authority, is the spectrometric analysis of the oil<\/strong>, which makes it possible to determine the normal characteristics and wear rate of lubricated engine components. Detecting the increase in individual metal elements when engine components wear abnormally allows maintenance measures to be taken in good time to prevent engine failure.<br>\n<br>\n<strong>It is important to emphasise that the spectrometric analysis of the oil is only one of several requirements and does not replace other maintenance tasks derived from the engine\u2019s maintenance manual and other requirements detailed in these guidelines.<\/strong><br>\n<br>\nWhen deciding to apply these guidelines, and therefore to carry out an oil test, it is recommended that the first analysis should start 200 hours or 12 months before the recommended inter-renovation period of the piston engine is reached.<br>\n<br>\nUsing the recommended oil from the same manufacturer, spectometric analysis of the oil should be carried out at regular intervals at each oil change and the results collected and stored (preferably in stabelled form and graphs) to determine trends in change.<br>\n<br>\nThe first oil sample is considered as a\u00a0baseline, subsequent samples show a\u00a0trend which helps to identify deviations from the baseline values. Individual sample results may vary depending on the condition of the engine or the oil batch in question. For the meaningfulness of the analysis and in order to obtain consistent results, it is recommended that the tests are performed by a\u00a0single laboratory with the appropriate accreditation and the person responsible for interpreting the analysis results should have knowledge of the construction of the piston engine in question, the influence of the external environment and the way the aircraft is used. <\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"690\" height=\"804\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27972\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2.png 690w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/2-257x300.png 257w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Excerpt from the report of the analysis of oil tested in the laboratory of ECOL Ltd.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">The graphic above is an excerpt from the oil analysis report from the LYCOMING O-320 engine. In addition to the elemental results, the report includes, among other things, information on total engine running time, dates and running time since oil changes, number of oil top-ups between changes. This information should be provided by the customer on the sample printout together with the oil sample. <\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:55px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-ecol-badania-silnik-tlokowy-6a-1024x423.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-ecol-badania-silnik-tlokowy-6a-1024x423.webp 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-ecol-badania-silnik-tlokowy-6a-300x124.webp 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-ecol-badania-silnik-tlokowy-6a-768x317.webp 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-ecol-badania-silnik-tlokowy-6a.webp 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:55px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h2 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">oil diagnostics for aero piston engines<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">\u2013 spectrometric analysis of oil met. ICP OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry)<\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">Aim of the aeronautical piston engine test<\/h3>\n<p>As early as the 1970s, the testing of oils in aeronautical piston engines was becoming increasingly common in the general aviation field. Thanks to this, the methods, procedures and interpretations that occurred, as well as the increasingly widespread access to the results, showed how oil analysis could be a\u00a0useful tool in the operation of aviation piston engines and to help maintain the continued airworthiness of aircraft.<br>\n<br>\nThe most important aspect of monitoring engine health through oil analysis is, above all, safety. Regular oil analysis makes it possible to determine normal engine wear characteristics. Early detection and estimation of the increase in the content of individual metal elements such as iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), aluminium (Al), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), which make up the majority of the engine\u2019s components, makes it possible to take timely maintenance action in the event of abnormal wear to prevent engine failure. On the other hand, the detection of contaminants such as silicon (Si), sodium (Na) or potassium (K) can be a\u00a0prerequisite for checking the condition of filters, the tightness of the air supply system and the cooling system.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h2 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">spectrometric analysis \u2013\u00a0description of the test <\/h2>\n<p class=\"post__paragraph\">In the test, particles smaller than 5 microns (particles \u201cdissolved\u201d in oil) are determined. The elements determined are presented as wear metals, additives and impurities. The results are given in the unit ppm (parts per million). The concentration of the individual element groups indicates, among other things, whether the engine is free of excessive wear processes, degradation processes or the correctness of the oil used, as well as whether there are any leaks in the system.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-icp-1024x551.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25690\" style=\"width:719px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-icp-1024x551.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-icp-300x161.png 300w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-icp-768x413.png 768w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-icp-1536x827.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-icp.png 1871w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">In our laboratory (ECOL), we test the content of 24 elements categorised into three groups:<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"704\" height=\"620\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/3.png 704w, https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/3-300x264.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 704px) 100vw, 704px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <p class=\"post__paragraph\">In contrast, the possible origin of the detected metallic elements, correlated with the metallurgy of the piston engine components, is illustrated below:<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"table alignwide tests  \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 tests__table tests__table--empty\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tests__table-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__row table__row--head table__row--empty\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__row table__row--empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col table__col--ornament\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"heading\">iron<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">cylinders, rotating shafts, valve trains<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__row table__row--empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col table__col--ornament\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"heading\">copper<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">brass components, bushings, bearings, oil cooler, sacrificial coatings<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__row table__row--empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col table__col--ornament\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"heading\">nickel<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">valve guides, steel alloying (cylinders)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__row table__row--empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col table__col--ornament\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"heading\">chrome<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">rings, cylinders, steel alloying elements<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__row table__row--empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col table__col--ornament\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"heading\">silver<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">protective coatings, bearing cages<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__row table__row--empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col table__col--ornament\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"heading\">aluminium<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">pistons, piston pins, bearing coverings<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__row table__row--empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col table__col--ornament\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"heading\">lead<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">mainly derived from jet fuel, traces from bearings<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__row table__row--empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col table__col--ornament\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"heading\">molybdenum<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">antiwear coatings, alloy additive<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__row table__row--empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col table__col--ornament\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"heading\">tin<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table__col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\">bearings, antiwear coatings<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"editor alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <article class=\"offset-lg-2 col-xl-9 col-lg-10 editor__text\">\n\n        \n          \n            \n\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <div class=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <h3 class=\"post__header heading heading--line\">advantages of spectrometric testing<\/h3>\n<p>In addition to its functions of lubrication, cooling and corrosion protection, among others, oil is also regarded as a\u00a0structural element, in some systems transmitting power, and as a\u00a0carrier of information. The condition of the oil tells us what is happening inside the equipment. Based on the results of oil testing, we can determine whether a\u00a0piece of equipment is operating properly and estimate the rate of wear of lubrication system components.<br>\n<br>\nThe progression of engine wear intensity usually occurs gradually, characterised by an increase in the concentration, size and shape of wear particles. In addition to extending the interval between overhauls, resulting from the guidelines of the President of the Civil Aviation Office, testing the content of various types of particles (metallic, impurities) in the oil is a\u00a0very good method for monitoring engine condition and early detection of excessive wear or corrosion occurring in the engine.<br>\n<br>\nThis enables timely action to be taken to avoid a\u00a0major breakdown or permanent damage to the engine. <\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t      \t\t\t\t\t      <\/div>\n                \n          \n        \n      <\/article>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"see-also alignwide\">\n\t<div class=\"see-also__content container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row justify-content-center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__text-content offset-lg-1 offset-md-0 col-lg-9\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__heading see-also__heading--image\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"see-also__image-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-ecol-badania-silnik-tlokowy-1a--768x1152.webp\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"see-also__details\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"heading\">worth remembering:<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"desc\"><b>According to the President of the Civil Aviation Authority (ULC): <\/b>\r\n<br>   \r\n<br>  \r\n<li>1. The aircraft may be in a&nbsp;serviceable condition despite having reached the recommended overhaul interval in order to be allowed to continue operating for a&nbsp;further 100 hours or 12 months.<\/li><br>\r\n<li>2. Prior to amending the maintenance programme and the maintenance manual to exclude piston engine overhaul intervals, an analysis of the engine&#8217;s service history shall be carried out, among other things, to determine whether the piston engine may be used beyond the recommended overhaul interval.<\/li><br>\r\n<li>3. One of the mandatory points of the verification inspection of a&nbsp;piston engine according to the guidelines of the president of the civil aviation authority is the spectometric analysis of the oil.<\/li><br>\r\n<li>4. The spectrometric analysis of the oil is only one of several requirements and does not replace the other maintenance activities derived from the engine maintenance manual and the other requirements detailed in these guidelines.<\/li>\r\n<br>\r\n<li>5. It is recommended that the first analysis be started 200 hours or 12 months before the recommended inter-renovation period of the piston engine is reached.<\/li>\r\n<br>\r\n<li>6. Using the recommended oil from the same manufacturer, spectometric analysis of the oil should be carried out at regular intervals at each oil change and the results collected and stored (preferably in stabelled form and graphs) to determine trends in change.<\/li>\r\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"contact-persons alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n\n      <div class=\"offset-lg-2 offset-md-0 col-lg-8\">\n\n        \n          <h2 class=\"heading heading--line\">contact with the author<\/h2>\n\n        \n        \n          <h3 class=\"heading heading--large\">Ryszard Czop<\/h3>\n\n        \n        \n          <p class=\"desc\">The article was prepared by Ryszard Czop, a&nbsp;diagnostics specialist at the Ecol laboratory, as well as a&nbsp;pilot, licensed aircraft mechanic and former airline technical staff member.<\/p>\n\n        \n      <\/div>\n\n      \n        <ul class=\"offset-lg-2 offset-md-0 col-lg-9 listing\">\n\n          \n            \n            <li class=\"listing__item\">\n\n\t            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__image-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ryszard-czop.webp\" class=\"listing__image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__inner-details\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"listing__heading heading heading--b\">Ryszard Czop<\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"listing__position\">Diagnostic specialist<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\" class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <path d=\"M13.1403 9.8875C13.1044 9.85906 10.5 7.98175 9.78512 8.1165C9.44387 8.17688 9.24875 8.40963 8.85719 8.87556C8.79419 8.95081 8.64281 9.13106 8.52513 9.25925C8.27767 9.17854 8.03629 9.08029 7.80281 8.96525C6.59773 8.37857 5.62406 7.4049 5.03737 6.19981C4.92225 5.96637 4.824 5.72498 4.74337 5.4775C4.872 5.35938 5.05225 5.208 5.12925 5.14325C5.593 4.75387 5.82619 4.55875 5.88656 4.21662C6.01038 3.50787 4.13437 0.8855 4.11469 0.861875C4.02957 0.740281 3.91849 0.639127 3.78948 0.565733C3.66047 0.492338 3.51676 0.448537 3.36875 0.4375C2.60837 0.4375 0.4375 3.25369 0.4375 3.72794C0.4375 3.7555 0.477313 6.55725 3.93225 10.0717C7.44319 13.5227 10.2445 13.5625 10.2721 13.5625C10.7467 13.5625 13.5625 11.3916 13.5625 10.6312C13.5516 10.4838 13.508 10.3405 13.435 10.2119C13.362 10.0833 13.2614 9.97248 13.1403 9.8875Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:r.czop@ecol.eu\" class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_447_7182)\">\n    <path d=\"M8.17001 8.57754C7.82171 8.80974 7.41713 8.93249 7 8.93249C6.5829 8.93249 6.17832 8.80974 5.83002 8.57754L0.0932148 4.75289C0.0613867 4.73167 0.0303789 4.70955 0 4.6868V10.9539C0 11.6724 0.583105 12.2427 1.28879 12.2427H12.7112C13.4297 12.2427 14 11.6596 14 10.9539V4.68677C13.9695 4.70957 13.9385 4.73175 13.9066 4.75299L8.17001 8.57754Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n    <path d=\"M0.548242 4.07039L6.28504 7.89507C6.50221 8.03985 6.75109 8.11223 6.99997 8.11223C7.24888 8.11223 7.49779 8.03982 7.71496 7.89507L13.4518 4.07039C13.7951 3.84166 14 3.45884 14 3.04568C14 2.33526 13.422 1.75732 12.7116 1.75732H1.28836C0.577965 1.75735 0 2.33529 0 3.04636C0 3.45884 0.204969 3.84166 0.548242 4.07039Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n  <\/g>\n  <defs>\n    <clipPath id=\"clip0_447_7182\">\n      <rect width=\"14\" height=\"14\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n    <\/clipPath>\n  <\/defs>\n<\/svg>\nr.czop@ecol.eu<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n            <\/li>\n\n          \n        <\/ul>\n\n      \n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"contact-persons alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n\n      <div class=\"offset-lg-2 offset-md-0 col-lg-8\">\n\n        \n          <h2 class=\"heading heading--line\">contact<\/h2>\n\n        \n        \n          <h3 class=\"heading heading--large\">find out more about the oil analysis service for aviation<\/h3>\n\n        \n        \n          <p class=\"desc\">Contact our specialist, diagnostic team or laboratory:<\/p>\n\n        \n      <\/div>\n\n      \n        <ul class=\"offset-lg-2 offset-md-0 col-lg-9 listing\">\n\n          \n            \n            <li class=\"listing__item\">\n\n\t            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__image-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/katarzyna-paryz-400x400-2.jpg\" class=\"listing__image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"listing__inner-details\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"listing__heading heading heading--b\">Katarzyna Pary\u017c<\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"listing__position\">Head of sales office<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"tel:+48666047697\" class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <path d=\"M13.1403 9.8875C13.1044 9.85906 10.5 7.98175 9.78512 8.1165C9.44387 8.17688 9.24875 8.40963 8.85719 8.87556C8.79419 8.95081 8.64281 9.13106 8.52513 9.25925C8.27767 9.17854 8.03629 9.08029 7.80281 8.96525C6.59773 8.37857 5.62406 7.4049 5.03737 6.19981C4.92225 5.96637 4.824 5.72498 4.74337 5.4775C4.872 5.35938 5.05225 5.208 5.12925 5.14325C5.593 4.75387 5.82619 4.55875 5.88656 4.21662C6.01038 3.50787 4.13437 0.8855 4.11469 0.861875C4.02957 0.740281 3.91849 0.639127 3.78948 0.565733C3.66047 0.492338 3.51676 0.448537 3.36875 0.4375C2.60837 0.4375 0.4375 3.25369 0.4375 3.72794C0.4375 3.7555 0.477313 6.55725 3.93225 10.0717C7.44319 13.5227 10.2445 13.5625 10.2721 13.5625C10.7467 13.5625 13.5625 11.3916 13.5625 10.6312C13.5516 10.4838 13.508 10.3405 13.435 10.2119C13.362 10.0833 13.2614 9.97248 13.1403 9.8875Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n666 047 697<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:k.paryz@ecol.eu\" class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" 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class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <path d=\"M13.1403 9.8875C13.1044 9.85906 10.5 7.98175 9.78512 8.1165C9.44387 8.17688 9.24875 8.40963 8.85719 8.87556C8.79419 8.95081 8.64281 9.13106 8.52513 9.25925C8.27767 9.17854 8.03629 9.08029 7.80281 8.96525C6.59773 8.37857 5.62406 7.4049 5.03737 6.19981C4.92225 5.96637 4.824 5.72498 4.74337 5.4775C4.872 5.35938 5.05225 5.208 5.12925 5.14325C5.593 4.75387 5.82619 4.55875 5.88656 4.21662C6.01038 3.50787 4.13437 0.8855 4.11469 0.861875C4.02957 0.740281 3.91849 0.639127 3.78948 0.565733C3.66047 0.492338 3.51676 0.448537 3.36875 0.4375C2.60837 0.4375 0.4375 3.25369 0.4375 3.72794C0.4375 3.7555 0.477313 6.55725 3.93225 10.0717C7.44319 13.5227 10.2445 13.5625 10.2721 13.5625C10.7467 13.5625 13.5625 11.3916 13.5625 10.6312C13.5516 10.4838 13.508 10.3405 13.435 10.2119C13.362 10.0833 13.2614 9.97248 13.1403 9.8875Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n32 450 31 52<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:laboratorium@ecol.eu\" class=\"listing__link\" target=\"\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_447_7182)\">\n    <path d=\"M8.17001 8.57754C7.82171 8.80974 7.41713 8.93249 7 8.93249C6.5829 8.93249 6.17832 8.80974 5.83002 8.57754L0.0932148 4.75289C0.0613867 4.73167 0.0303789 4.70955 0 4.6868V10.9539C0 11.6724 0.583105 12.2427 1.28879 12.2427H12.7112C13.4297 12.2427 14 11.6596 14 10.9539V4.68677C13.9695 4.70957 13.9385 4.73175 13.9066 4.75299L8.17001 8.57754Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n    <path d=\"M0.548242 4.07039L6.28504 7.89507C6.50221 8.03985 6.75109 8.11223 6.99997 8.11223C7.24888 8.11223 7.49779 8.03982 7.71496 7.89507L13.4518 4.07039C13.7951 3.84166 14 3.45884 14 3.04568C14 2.33526 13.422 1.75732 12.7116 1.75732H1.28836C0.577965 1.75735 0 2.33529 0 3.04636C0 3.45884 0.204969 3.84166 0.548242 4.07039Z\" fill=\"black\"\/>\n  <\/g>\n  <defs>\n    <clipPath id=\"clip0_447_7182\">\n      <rect width=\"14\" height=\"14\" fill=\"white\"\/>\n    <\/clipPath>\n  <\/defs>\n<\/svg>\nlaboratorium@ecol.eu<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n            <\/li>\n\n          \n        <\/ul>\n\n      \n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"news alignwide\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row justify-content-center\">\n      <div class=\"offset-lg-2 col-lg-10\">\n\n        \n          <h2 class=\"heading heading--line\">check also<\/h2>\n\n        \n      <\/div>\n\n      \n        <ul class=\"col-lg-10 news-list\">\n\n          \n            \n            <li class=\"news-list__item\">\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/knowledge-base\/oil-diagnostics-of-piston-aircraft-engines\" class=\"news-list__inner news-list__inner--wide\">\n                <div class=\"news-list__image-wrapper\">\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/silnik_lotniczy1.jpg\" class=\"news-list__image\" alt=\"silnik_lotniczy1\" loading=\"lazy\">\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"news-list__details\">\n                  <h3 class=\"heading heading--b\">Oil diagnostics of piston aircraft engines<\/h3>\n                  <p class=\"desc\">The idea of testing the oil working in machinery as a carrier of&#8230;<\/p>\n                  <svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n  <path d=\"M4.16659 10.8333H14.0499L11.0249 14.4666C10.9549 14.5509 10.9021 14.6481 10.8697 14.7528C10.8372 14.8574 10.8257 14.9675 10.8357 15.0766C10.8561 15.2969 10.9631 15.5002 11.1333 15.6416C11.3034 15.7831 11.5228 15.8511 11.7432 15.8308C11.9635 15.8105 12.1668 15.7035 12.3083 15.5333L16.4749 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<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Discussion of Guideline No. 3 of the President of the Civil Aviation Authority of 17 January 2023.","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":25771,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diagnostic-services"],"acf":[],"image":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/diagnostyka-ecol-badania-silnik-tlokowy-7a.webp","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27892","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27892"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27892\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28010,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27892\/revisions\/28010"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25771"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecol.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}